详谈PHP中的密码安全性Password Hashing

如果你还在用md5加密，建议看看下方密码加密和验证方式。

先看一个简单的Password Hashing例子：

    <?php

    //require 'password.php';
    /**
     * 正确的密码是secret-password
     * $passwordHash 是hash 后存储的密码
     * password_verify()用于将用户输入的密码和数据库存储的密码比对。成功返回true，否则false
     */
    $passwordHash = password_hash('secret-password', PASSWORD_DEFAULT);
    echo $passwordHash;
    if (password_verify('bad-password', $passwordHash)) {
      // Correct Password
      echo 'Correct Password';
    } else {
      echo 'Wrong password';
      // Wrong password
    }

下方代码提供了一个完整的模拟的 User 类，在这个类中，通过使用Password Hashing，既能安全地处理用户的密码，又能支持未来不断变化的安全需求。

    <?php
    class User
    {
      // Store password options so that rehash & hash can share them:
      const HASH = PASSWORD_DEFAULT;
      const COST = 14;//可以确定该算法应多复杂，进而确定生成哈希值将花费多长时间。（将此值视为更改算法本身重新运行的次数，以减缓计算。）

      // Internal data storage about the user:
      public $data;

      // Mock constructor:
      public function __construct() {
        // Read data from the database, storing it into $data such as:
        // $data->passwordHash and $data->username
        $this->data = new stdClass();
        $this->data->passwordHash = 'dbd014125a4bad51db85f27279f1040a';
      }

      // Mock save functionality
      public function save() {
        // Store the data from $data back into the database
      }

      // Allow for changing a new password:
      public function setPassword($password) {
        $this->data->passwordHash = password_hash($password, self::HASH, ['cost' => self::COST]);
      }

      // Logic for logging a user in:
      public function login($password) {
        // First see if they gave the right password:
        echo "Login: ", $this->data->passwordHash, "\n";
        if (password_verify($password, $this->data->passwordHash)) {
          // Success - Now see if their password needs rehashed
          if (password_needs_rehash($this->data->passwordHash, self::HASH, ['cost' => self::COST])) {
            // We need to rehash the password, and save it. Just call setPassword
            $this->setPassword($password);
            $this->save();
          }
          return true; // Or do what you need to mark the user as logged in.
        }
        return false;
      }
    }

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