Laravel 源码详解

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前言

当所有的路由都加载完毕后,就会根据请求的 url 来将请求分发到对应的路由上去。然而,在分发到路由之前还要经过各种中间件的计算。laravel 利用装饰者模式来实现中间件的功能。

从原始装饰者模式到闭包装饰者

装饰者模式是设计模式的一种,主要进行对象的多次处理与过滤,是在开放-关闭原则下实现动态添加或减少功能的一种方式。下面先看一个装饰者模式的例子:

总共有两种咖啡:Decaf、Espresso,另有两种调味品:Mocha、Whip(3种设计的主要差别在于抽象方式不同)

装饰模式分为3个部分:

1,抽象组件 -- 对应Coffee类

2,具体组件 -- 对应具体的咖啡,如:Decaf,Espresso

3,装饰者 -- 对应调味品,如:Mocha,Whip

原始装饰者模式

public interface Coffee
{  
    public double cost();  
} 

public class Espresso implements Coffee 
{  
    public double cost()
    {  
        return 2.5;  
    }  
}  

public class Dressing implements Coffee 
{  
    private Coffee coffee;  

    public Dressing(Coffee coffee)
    {  
        this.coffee = coffee;  
    }  

    public double cost()
    {  
        return coffee.cost();  
    }  
}  

public class Whip extends Dressing {  
    public Whip(Coffee coffee)
    {  
        super(coffee);  
    }  

    public double cost()
    {  
        return super.cost() + 0.1;  
    }  
} 

public class Mocha extends Dressing 
{  
    public Mocha(Coffee coffee)
    {  
        super(coffee);  
    }  

    public double cost()
    {  
        return super.cost() + 0.5;  
    }  
}

当我们使用装饰者模式的时候:

public class Test {  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        Coffee coffee = new Espresso();  
        coffee = new Mocha(coffee);  
        coffee = new Mocha(coffee);  
        coffee = new Whip(coffee);  
        //3.6(2.5 + 0.5 + 0.5 + 0.1)  
        System.out.println(coffee.cost());  
    }  
}

我们可以看出来,装饰者模式就是利用装饰者类来对具体类不断的进行多层次的处理,首先我们创建了 Espresso 类,然后第一次利用 Mocha 装饰者对 Espresso 咖啡加了摩卡,第二次重复加了摩卡,第三次利用装饰者 WhipEspresso 咖啡加了奶油。每次加入新的调料,装饰者都会对价格 cost 做一些处理(+0.1、+0.5)。

无构造函数的装饰者

我们对这个装饰者进行一些改造:

public class Espresso
{  
    double cost;

    public double cost()
    {  
        $this-> cost = 2.5;  
    }  
}  

public class Dressing 
{    
    public double cost(Espresso $espresso)
    {  
        return ($espresso);
    }  
}  

public class Whip extends Dressing 
{  
    public double cost(Espresso $espresso)
    {  
        $espresso->cost = espresso->cost() + 0.1;  

        return ($espresso);
    }  
} 

public class Mocha extends Dressing 
{   
    public double cost(Espresso $espresso)
    {  
        $espresso->cost = espresso->cost() + 0.5;  

        return ($espresso);
    }  
}
public class Test {  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        Coffee $coffee = new Espresso();  

        $coffee = (new Mocha())->cost($coffee); 
        $coffee = (new Mocha())->cost($coffee); 
        $coffee = (new Whip())->cost($coffee);  

        //3.6(2.5 + 0.5 + 0.5 + 0.1)  
        System.out.println(coffee.cost());  
    }  
}

改造后,装饰者类通过函数 cost 来注入具体类 caffee,而不是通过构造函数,这样做有助于自动化进行装饰处理。我们改造后发现,想要对具体类通过装饰类进行处理,需要不断的调用 cost 函数,如果有10个装饰操作,就要手动写10个语句,因此我们继续进行改造:

闭包装饰者模式

public class Espresso
{  
    double cost;

    public double cost()
    {  
        $this-> cost = 2.5;  
    }  
}  

public class Dressing 
{    
    public double cost(Espresso $espresso,  Closure $closure)
    {  
        return ($espresso);
    }  
}  

public class Whip extends Dressing 
{  
    public double cost(Espresso $espresso, Closure $closure)
    {  
        $espresso->cost = espresso->cost() + 0.1;  

        return $closure($espresso);
    }  
} 

public class Mocha extends Dressing 
{   
    public double cost(Espresso $espresso, Closure $closure)
    {  
        $espresso->cost = espresso->cost() + 0.5;  

        return $closure($espresso);
    }  
}
public class Test {  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        Coffee $coffee = new Espresso();  

        $fun = function($coffee,$fuc,$dressing) {
            $dressing->cost($coffee, $fuc); 
        }                


        $fuc0 = function($coffee) {
            return $coffee;
        };

        $fuc1 = function($coffee) use ($fuc0, $dressing = (new Mocha(),$fun)) {
            return $fun($coffee, $fuc0, $dressing);
        }

        $fuc2 = function($coffee) use ($fuc1, $dressing = (new Mocha(),$fun)) {
            return $fuc($coffee, $fun1, $dressing);
        }

        $fuc3 = function($coffee) use ($fuc2, $dressing = (new Whip(),$fun)) {
            return $fuc($coffee, $fun2, $dressing);
        }

        $coffee = $fun3($coffee);

        //3.6(2.5 + 0.5 + 0.5 + 0.1)  
        System.out.println(coffee.cost());  
    }  
}

在这次改造中,我们使用了闭包函数,这样做的目的在于,我们只需要最后一句 $fun3($coffee),就可以启动整个装饰链条。

闭包装饰者的抽象化

然而这种改造还不够深入,因为我们还可以把 $fuc1$fuc2$fuc3 继续抽象化为一个闭包函数,这个闭包函数仅仅是参数 $fuc$dressing 每次不同,$coffee 相同,因此改造如下:

public class Test {  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        Coffee $coffee = new Espresso();  

        $fun = function($coffee) use ($fuc,$dressing) {
            $dressing->cost($coffee, $fuc); 
        }

        $fuc = function($fuc,$dressing) use ($fun) {
            return $fun;
        };


        $fuc0 = function($coffee) {
            return $coffee;
        };

        $fuc1 = $fuc($fuc0, (new Mocha());

        $fuc2 = $fuc($fuc1, (new Mocha());

        $fuc3 = $fuc($fuc2, (new Whip());

        $coffee = $fun3($coffee);

        //3.6(2.5 + 0.5 + 0.5 + 0.1)  
        System.out.println(coffee.cost());  
    }  
}

这次,我们把之前的闭包分为两个部分,$fun 负责具体类的参数传递,$fuc负责装饰者和闭包函数的参数传递。在最后一句 $fun3,只需要传递一个具体类,就可以启动整个装饰链条。

闭包装饰者的自动化

到这里,我们还有一件事没有完成,那就是 $fuc1$fuc2$fuc3 这些闭包的构建还是手动的,我们需要将这个过程改为自动的:

public class Test {  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        Coffee $coffee = new Espresso();  

        $fun = function($coffee) use ($fuc,$dressing) {
            $dressing->cost($coffee, $fuc); 
        }

        $fuc = function($fuc,$dressing) use ($fun) {
            return $fun;
        };


        $fuc0 = function($coffee) {
            return $coffee;
        };

        $fucn = array_reduce(
            [(new Mocha(),(new Mocha(),(new Whip()], $fuc, $fuc0
        );

        $coffee = $fucn($coffee);

        //3.6(2.5 + 0.5 + 0.5 + 0.1)  
        System.out.println(coffee.cost());  
    }  
}

laravel的闭包装饰者——Pipeline

上一章我们说到了路由的注册启动与加载过程,这个过程由 bootstrap() 完成。当所有的路由加载完毕后,就要进行各种中间件的处理了:

protected function sendRequestThroughRouter($request)
{
    $this->app->instance('request', $request);

    Facade::clearResolvedInstance('request');

    $this->bootstrap();

    return (new Pipeline($this->app))
                ->send($request)
                ->through($this->app->shouldSkipMiddleware() ? [] : $this->middleware)
                ->then($this->dispatchToRouter());
}

public function shouldSkipMiddleware()
{
    return $this->bound('middleware.disable') &&
           $this->make('middleware.disable') === true;
}

laravel 的中间件处理由 Pipeline 来完成,它是一个闭包装饰者模式,其中

  • request 是具体类,相当于我们上面的 caffee 类;
  • middleware 中间件是装饰者类,相当于上面的 dressing 类;

我们先看看这个类内部的代码:

class Pipeline implements PipelineContract
{
    public function __construct(Container $container = null)
    {
      $this->container = $container;
    }

    public function send($passable)
    {
        $this->passable = $passable;

        return $this;
    }

    public function through($pipes)
    {
        $this->pipes = is_array($pipes) ? $pipes : func_get_args();

        return $this;
    }

    public function then(Closure $destination)
    {
        $pipeline = array_reduce(
            array_reverse($this->pipes), $this->carry(), $this->prepareDestination($destination)
        );

        return $pipeline($this->passable);
    }

    protected function prepareDestination(Closure $destination)
    {
        return function ($passable) use ($destination) {
            return $destination($passable);
        };
    }

    protected function carry()
    {
        return function ($stack, $pipe) {
            return function ($passable) use ($stack, $pipe) {
                if ($pipe instanceof Closure) {
                    return $pipe($passable, $stack);
                } elseif (! is_object($pipe)) {
                    list($name, $parameters) = $this->parsePipeString($pipe);

                    $pipe = $this->getContainer()->make($name);

                    $parameters = array_merge([$passable, $stack], $parameters);
                } else {
                    $parameters = [$passable, $stack];
                }

                return $pipe->{$this->method}(...$parameters);
            };
        };
    }
}

pipeline 的构造和我们上面所讲的闭包装饰者相同,我们着重来看 carry() 函数的代码:

function ($stack, $pipe) {
    ...
}

最外层的闭包相当于上个章节的 $fuc,

function ($passable) use ($stack, $pipe) {
    ...
}

里面的这一层比闭包型党与上个章节的 $fun

prepareDestination 这个函数相当于上面的 $fuc0,

            if ($pipe instanceof Closure) {
                return $pipe($passable, $stack);
            } elseif (! is_object($pipe)) {
                list($name, $parameters) = $this->parsePipeString($pipe);

                $pipe = $this->getContainer()->make($name);

                $parameters = array_merge([$passable, $stack], $parameters);
            } else {
                $parameters = [$passable, $stack];
            }

            return $pipe->{$this->method}(...$parameters);

这一部分相当于上个章节的 $dressing->cost($coffee, $fuc);,这部分主要解析中间件 handle() 函数的参数:

public function via($method)
{
    $this->method = $method;

    return $this;
}

protected function parsePipeString($pipe)
{
    list($name, $parameters) = array_pad(explode(':', $pipe, 2), 2, []);

    if (is_string($parameters)) {
        $parameters = explode(',', $parameters);
    }

    return [$name, $parameters];
}

这样,laravel 就实现了中间件对 request 的层层处理。